Conflict dynamics in the Middle East is a complex topic involving various political, social, and religious factors. This region is in the world spotlight due to prolonged tensions and frequent fighting. One of the main causes of conflict is differences in ethnic and religious identities. Sunni and Shia Islam, for example, are often involved in tensions that trigger armed conflict, such as in Iraq and Syria. Furthermore, geopolitical factors play an important role. Large countries, such as the United States, Russia and European countries, have strategic interests in the Middle East. Foreign intervention often makes the situation worse. For example, the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the US caused chaos in the country. The resulting instability creates space for extremist groups to thrive, such as ISIS. In addition, the authoritarian regimes that rule in many countries in the region contribute to tensions. Unpopular rulers often use violence to maintain power, as seen in Syria under Bashar al-Assad. People who feel marginalized try to fight back, creating a situation that is vulnerable to conflict. Economic dissatisfaction is also a factor that exacerbates conflict dynamics. People trapped in poverty with high unemployment tend to be more easily influenced by radical ideologies. Social unrest often occurs in response to economic problems, which are perceived as not being addressed by the government. Fragile peace is often made possible through diplomatic efforts, but is often faced with major challenges. The peace process, such as negotiations between Palestine and Israel, has been tortuous and often stalled. Land issues, the status of Jerusalem, and refugee rights are the main obstacles. Local paramilitary groups and militias often exploit instability to strengthen their positions. In many countries, such as Lebanon and Yemen, these groups have played a role in accelerating internal tensions and conflicts. Climate change is also a long-term threat in the Middle East. The water crisis and increasingly extreme temperatures could worsen social and economic conditions, potentially triggering additional unrest. Social media and communications technology have become important tools in this conflict, enabling the rapid spread of information and propaganda. However, the spread of fake news can also exacerbate tensions, creating hatred between groups. Therefore, to understand the dynamics of conflict in the Middle East, it is important to analyze the interactions between these diverse factors. Conflict in this region is not a phenomenon that appears suddenly, but is the result of a long history full of injustice, oppression and the search for identity. By understanding the broader context, it is hoped that more effective solutions can be found to achieve lasting peace.